【提分干货】被动语态：难点突破，一举搞定！

     英语动词有两种语态.，自动语态和被动语态。自动语态透露主语是动作的执行者，被动语态透露主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (自动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

     汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来透露被动，而英语用：

     助动词be + 及物动词的曩昔分词组成。

一样如今时：am / is / are + done

一样曩昔时：was / were + done

一样未来时：shall / will + be done

一样曩昔未来时：should / would + be done

如今进行时：am / is / are + being + done

曩昔进行时：was / were + being + done

如今完成时：have / has + been + done

曩昔完成时：had + been + done

未来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

曩昔未来完成时：should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有未来进行时和曩昔未来进行时。

1. 一样如今时：

People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

2. 一样曩昔时：

They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

3. 一样未来时：

They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

4. 曩昔未来时：

The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

5. 如今进行时：

The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

6. 曩昔进行时：

The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

7. 如今完成时：

Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

8. 曩昔完成时：

When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的曩昔分词”组成。

You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

1.当不知道或没有需要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不消by 短语。

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.凸起或强调动作的承受者，若是需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而取代 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

1. 把自动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态连结一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语连结一致。

❀We have bought a new computer.

❀A new computer has been bought.

2. 含有双宾语的自动句变被动句时，可离别将个中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一样变间接宾语为主语时对照多。

❀My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

❀I was given a present on my birthday.

A present was given to me yesterday.

3.带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一样把自动构造中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后背。如：

❀We always keep the classroom clean.

❀The classroom is always kept clean.

4.当自动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否认意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否认的被动语态。如：

❀Nobody can answer this question.

❀The question can not be answered by anybody.

例题：

—Sandy was made   by some boys.   

— Oh, sorry to hear that. 

A. cry

B. to cry  

C. cried

D. to crying 

谜底：B