169. Don t let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers)170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不 you don t build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 若是你没有妄想，那么你只能为别人的妄想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给本身机会，你会发现你的世界能够很艳丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting.      
169. Don t let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers)170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，没人替你顽强。171. If you don t build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 若是你没有妄想，那么你只能为别人的妄想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给本身机会，你会发现你的世界能够很艳丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的不同平日是--不抛却。(华特·迪士尼)174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很寻常，但我举世无双。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人，就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it.为你的生命想一个全新脚本，并去倾情出演吧！177. I d rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲痛的智者，不如做个高兴的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 将来属于那些相信妄想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福)179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有工资你拍手，也要优雅的谢幕，感激本身的卖力支付。180. Don t let dream just be your dream. 别让妄想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是虚耗了的一天。(卓别林)182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去观光吧，见的世面多了，你会发现本来在意的那些结基本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功要害都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》184. You can be happy no matter what. 高兴一点吧，管它会如何。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好规划胜过来日的完良图划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says  I m possible ! 一切皆有或者！“弗成能”的意思是：“不，或者。”(奥黛丽·赫本)187. Life isn t fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不平正的，不管你的际遇若何，你只能尽心尽力。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论何等艰难，都要持续进步，因为只有你抛却的那一刻，你才输了。    When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later.Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman.Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life.Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process.There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child.Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria.Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mothe凝固的熔岩流。火星上经常有凶猛的大风，大风扬起沙尘能形成能够笼盖火星全球的特大型沙尘暴。每次沙尘暴可持续数个礼拜。火星南北极的冰冠和火星大气中含有水份。从火星外观获得的探测数据证实，在远古时期，火星曾经有过液态的水，并且水量稀奇大。[51] 土星是离太阳第六颗行星，直径120536㎞，体积仅次于木星。首要由氢构成，还有少量的氦与微量元素，内部的焦点包罗岩石和冰，外围由数层金属氢和气体包裹着。地球距离土星13亿公里。土星的引力比地球强2.5倍，可以牵引太阳系内另外行星，使地球处于一个椭圆轨道中运行，而且与太阳连结适当距离，适宜生命繁衍。当土星轨道倾斜20度将使地球轨道比金星轨道更接近太阳，同时，这将导致火星完全脱离太阳系。[52]  土星是已知独一密度小于水的行星，假如可以将土星放入一个伟大的澡堂之中，它将能够漂浮起来。土星有一个伟大的磁气圈和一个暴风残虐的大气层，赤道四周的风速可达1800千米/时。在围绕土星运行的31颗卫星中央，土卫六是最大的一颗，比水星和月球还大，也是太阳系中独一拥有粘稠大气层的卫星。[53] 天王星是离太阳第七颗行星，51118km。体积约为地球的65倍，在九大行星中仅次于木星和土星。天王星的大气层中83%是氢，15%为氦，2%为甲烷以及少量的乙炔和碳氢化合物。上层大气层的甲烷接收红光，使天王星呈现蓝绿色。大气在固定纬度集结成云层，雷同于木星和土星在纬线上艳丽的条状色带。天王星云层的平均温度为零下193摄氏度。质量为8.6810±13×10²⁵kg，相当于地球质量的14.63倍。密度较小，只有1.24克/立方厘米，为海王星密度值的74.7%。[54] 恒星 恒星 海王星是离太阳的第八颗行星，直径49532千米。海王星绕太阳运转的轨道半径为45亿千米，公转一周需要165年。海王星的直径和天王星雷同，质量比天王星略大一些。海王星和天王星的首要大气成分都是氢和氦，内部构造也极为邻近，所以说海王星与天王星是一对孪生兄弟。[55]  海王星有太阳系最强烈的风，测量到的时速高达2100公里。海王星云顶的温度是－218 °C，是太阳系最冷的区域之一。海王星焦点的温度约为7000 °C，能够和太阳的外观对照。海王星在1846年9月23日被发现，是独一行使数学展望而非有规划的观测发现的行星。[56] 冥王星，位于海王星以外的柯伊伯带内侧，是柯伊伯带中已知的最大天体。[57]  直径约为2370±20km，是地球直径的18.5%。[58]  2006年8月24日，国际天文学结合会大会24日投票决意，不再将传统九大行星之一的冥王星视为行星，而将其加入“矮行星”。大会经由的抉择划定，“行星”指的是环绕太阳运转、自身引力足以战胜其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、可以消灭其轨道四周其他物体的天体。在太阳系传统的“九大行星”中，只有水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星相符这些要求。冥王星因为其轨道与海王星的轨道订交，不相符新的行星界说，是以被主动降级为“矮行星”。[59]  冥王星的外观温度也许在-238到-228℃之间。冥王星的成份由70%岩石和30%冰水夹杂而成的。地表上亮光的部门或者笼盖着一些固体氮以及少量 卫星拍月球经由地球，可见清楚月球后头 卫星拍月球经由地球，可见清楚月球后头 [60] 的固体甲烷和一氧化碳，冥王星外观的阴郁部门或者是一些根基的有机物质或是由宇宙射线激发的光化学回响。冥王星的大气层首要由氮和少量的一氧化碳及甲烷构成。大气极其稀薄，地面压强只有少量微帕。[61] 地球是离太阳第三颗行星，是我们人类的故里，尽管地球是太阳系中一颗通俗的行星，但它在很多方面都是举世无双的。好比，它是太阳系中独一一颗面积大部门被水笼盖的行星，也是今朝所知独一一颗有生命存在的星球。质量M=5.9742 ×10^24 公斤，外观温度：t = - 30 ～ +45。[62]  英国科研人员在《天体生物学》杂志上申报说，若是没有小行星撞击等或者猛烈改变情况的事件发生，地球适宜人类栖身的时间还剩约17.5亿年，不外工资造成的天气转变或者缩短这一时间。[63] 彗星是由尘土和冰块构成的太阳系中的一类小天体，绕日活动。[64]  科学家使用探测器对彗星的化学遗留物进行剖析，发现其首要成份为氨、甲烷、硫化氢、氰化氢和甲醛。科学家得出结论称，彗星的气息闻起来像是臭鸡蛋、马尿、酒精和吃力杏仁的气息综合。[65-66] “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太阳系的四周还包裹着一个宏大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不可胜数的冰块、雪团和碎石。个中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这学说，在原有的轨道（或称小天体轨道）上又增加了更多的天体运行轨道。这一模式称每颗行星都沿着一个小轨道作圆周运行，而小轨道又沿着该行星的大轨道绕地球作圆周活动。几百年之后，这一模式的破绽越来越显着。科学家们又在这个模式上增加了很多轨道，行星就如许沿着一道又一道的轨道作圆周活动。哥白尼想用“现代”（16世纪的）手艺来改善托勒密的测量究竟，以期作废一些小轨道。在长达近20年的时间里，哥白尼不辞辛勤日夜测量行星的位置，但其测量获得的究竟仍然与托勒密的天体运行模式没有几多不同。哥白尼想知道在另一个运行着的行星上视察这些行星的运行情形会是什么样的。基于这种设想，哥白尼萌发了一个念头：假如地球在运行中，那么这些行星的运行看上去会是什么情形呢？这一设想在他脑海里变得清楚起来了。一年里，哥白尼在分歧的时间、分歧的距离从地球上视察行星，每一个行星的情形都不沟通，这是他意识到地球弗成能位于星星轨道的中心。经由20年的观测，哥白尼发现唯独太阳的周年转变不显着。这意味着地球和太阳的距离始终没有改变。若是地球不是宇宙的中心，那么宇宙的中心就是太阳。的发现才使牛顿有能力确定活动定律和万有引力定律。哥白尼的日心宇宙系统既然是时代的产品，它就不克不受到时代的限制。否决神学的不彻底性，同时示意在哥白尼的某些概念上，他的系统是存在缺陷的。哥白尼所指的宇宙是局限在一个小的局限内的，具体来说，他的宇宙构造就是今天我们所熟知的太阳系，即以太阳为中心的天系统统。宇宙既然有它的中心，就必需有它的界限，哥白尼固然否认了托勒玫的“九重天”，但他却保留了一层恒星天，尽管他回避了宇宙是否有限这个问题，但实际上他是相信恒星天球是宇宙的“外壳”，他仍然相信天体只能按照所谓完美的圆形轨道活动，所以哥白尼的宇宙系统，仍然包含着不动的中心天体。然则作为近代天然科学的奠定人，哥白尼的汗青功勋是伟大的。确认地球不是宇宙的中心，而是行星之一，从而掀起了一场天文学上基本性的革命，是人类寻找客观真理道路上的里程碑。哥白尼的伟大成就，不光摊平了通向近代天文学的道路，并且开创了整个天然界科学向前迈进的新时代。从哥白尼时代起，离开教会束缚的天然科学和哲学起头获得飞跃的成长。哥白尼的科学成就，是他所处时代的产品，又转过来鞭策了时代的成长。顺应时代转变 十五、六世纪的欧洲，恰是从封建社会向资源主义社会改变的要害时期，在这一二百年间，社会发生了伟大的转变。14世纪ndali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 别让妄想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是虚耗了的一天。(卓别林)182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去观光吧，见的世面多了，你会发现本来在意的那些结基本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功要害都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》184. You can be happy no matter what. 高兴一点吧，管它会如何。baby boy back.Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other.Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.”Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.”Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.”Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.”Silicon ValleyThe childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south.There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.”Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.”His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必需十分起劲，才能看起来毫不辛苦。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车，只有络续进步，才能连结均衡。(爱因斯坦)191. Be thankful for what you have.You ll end up having more. 拥有一颗感德的心，最终你会获得更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种心里的感受，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰)193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 同伙的感化，就是让你康乐加倍，疼痛减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心盼望某样器材时，整个宇宙都邑来帮助。echanical things.”“I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.”Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.”The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.”Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.”Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic.His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one examplWhat made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.”Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.”In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments.Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work.The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors.The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.”“No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.”“I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’”Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world.Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.”So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality.丁堡的..会议上公开训斥德意志封建主与上帝教会对捷克的榨取和盘剥。他固然被反动教会处以火刑，但他的革命运动在社会上引起了强烈的回响。捷克农民在胡斯党人的旗号下举办起义，此次活动也波及波兰。1517年，在德国，马丁·路德（1483～1546年）否决教会销售赎罪符，与罗马教皇公开决裂。1521年，路德又在沃尔姆国会上揭露罗马教廷的罪恶，并提出竖立基督教新教的主张。新教的教义获得很多国度的支撑，波兰也深受影响。